You should be able to supply the path to an existing clone of mediawiki/core and have Vagrant share / mount it appropriately.
This is somewhat hindered by the fact that we don't currently share the mediawiki folder, but rather its parent, which is the mediawiki/vagrant repository root. Because that's the case, we can't just tell Vagrant 'share the mediawiki folder, whatever its path', because if its nested under an existing mountpoint NFS / VirtualBox Shared Folders will barf. So this requires some finesse.
Version: unspecified
Severity: enhancement