Support for a Cladogram feature was reported as killer feature needed by the Italian Wikipedia biology WikiProject, with it:Dinosauria#Ornithischia as example of horrible things editors are currently forced to do. I see that en.wiki also has a Template:Cladogram.
I don't know the exact requirements and I'll ask them to comment expand on those, but I've spent the past 3 or 4 hours digging bugzilla and I didn't find this feature request tracked anywhere so it's better to start from somewhere.
I suspect that at some point Magnus will come up with some magic cladogram auto-generator tool fetching data from Wikidata, so I'm cc'ing him in advance; also, this is obviously in scope for Wikispecies too.
See Also: T73296: {{clade}} style is wrong in the exported PDF